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Kang Youwei: Confucianism repels national religion
Author: Xie Xiahan (Teachered by the Department of Social Sciences in the Dalian Society)
Source: “Jiudan Journal (Social Science Edition)” 2023 Issue 6
Abstract: The “king religion” in modern China is the system, organization and education system of politics and religion, that is, national religion. Confucianism is not a religion, academic studies are domineering studies, and is the system of national religion. The alliance between Confucianism and national religion began with Dong Zhongshu and finally Kang Youwei. Kang Youwei’s works and activities are clear and religious. He reformed Confucianism from domineering to theology, changed the “respect for heaven and law ancestor” to “respect for heaven and Confucius”, and abolished the “Fengyuan” to use Confucius to redeem the Yuan Dynasty. In terms of religious system, Confucianism, which changed the national religion and established a systemic religion, was destroyed in related works; when participating in the 1993-year-old law, he fought for the support of the emperor to pursue religious transformation, but he did not respond; after the 1911 reaction, the Confucianism Association was established, but it was not effective. Although it was defeated, the planning era meant to inform that Chinese society would be led by a registrar religious system.
Kang Youwei is a major figure with a milestone position in the history of modern Chinese thinking. He is a big Confucian scholar who lives in the era of the reversal of Confucianism and national religious relations. It has been described earlier that national religion existed until the end of the Qing Dynasty. [1] If the state sacrifices to heaven and the head of state uses the emperor to serve as the leader as an important symbol of the existence of traditional national religion, the Chinese nation has called it a country, which means it is not related to the destiny of heaven; Yuan Shikai usurped the throne and sacrificed to heaven and Confucius, but the emperor lost power seems to have given the last and most powerless confirmation of the national religion. Since Dong Zhongshu, Confucianism has become a domineering school—a unique system of national religion. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, national religion no longer existed, and where Confucianism went has become a problem that must be solved. Kang Youxuan proposed to take Confucianism as the national religion and made a decision to establish the Confucianism Association. This church is divided into a ruling religion according to Yang Qing Kun. In other words, Confucianism, through the previous national religion support and theoretical system, publicizes itself to bravely promote national religion, and is a new type of religion. Kang You is the one who can start the end.
The two books “Year Dong’s School” and “Take the Reform of Confucius” were first published by the Shanghai General Communication Bureau in the winter of the 23rd year of Guangchang. “The Self-Edited Years of Kang Nanhai” is based on the Jiawu Lecture of the 20th year of Guangchang. “Year Dong’s School” was signed at the end of the preface, “July month of Guisi, the 19th year of Guangcheng”. Wuxu and Gengzi were once again decreed. It can be seen that before the reform of the 1993-year-old Wuxu, Kang You had the idea of religious transformation, and this intention was curbed by national religion.
1. “Dong’s Age”: Changing Dong Zhongshu, changing the domineering learning to theology
1. “The Age of Fanlu” “Xu Xun Chaomeng”; establishing Dong Zhongshu’s Taoist status: King Wen-Confucius-Dong Zhongshu
“Preface to the Age of Dong’s Age” wrote:
Where is the Tao, Tao, and teaching? From the saint. Where does the saint come from? From Confucius. Where is Confucius’ way? In Six. The six circles are brilliant and profound, and the vast and extensive, what will it be? Consolidated in “Year”. …Where are the three stories of “Year”? From the Gongyang clan. Only the “Gong Ram” contains the meaning of the king’s reform. “Year-Length”: Confucius said, “Dong Zhongshu, who is wrong with me.” Misfortune means reason. The Grand Historian said: Han is only Dong Shengming in “Year”. Liu Xiang called Dong Zhongshu the king’s assistant, although Yi and Lu were not added. Liu Xin even wrote a trick and attacked Gongyang, which was also called the leader of the Confucian scholars. Zhu Zi discussed the characters from the three generations and recommended Dong Sheng as Chun Ru. The editor said the most. The pre-Qin period was not far away, but those who wanted to learn “Gongyang” would be able to give up Dong Sheng to study? 【2】
Extremely praised Dong Zhongshu and determined his historical location. Then, compare with Mencius and Xunzi and further determine their status:
However, like Mencius and Xunzi, they are the dragon objects of Confucius, and seek to obtain the foundation of Confucius’ establishment, as in the subtle statements of “Fanlu” cannot be achieved. Dong Shengdao is not higher than Meng and Xun, why did he get this? However, they are all conveyed by Confucius’s words, not by Dong Zi. The words of King Wen were well-known: King Wen’s literature was conveyed to Confucius. Confucius’s writings were published in Zhongshu. Therefore, the words “Xun Chao Meng” are actually not the Confucian group books. If Dong is born in a minor way, how can you recover Confucius’s great way! 【2】
Mencius and Xunzi had a clear historical position. He praised the “Kongmen Dragon Elephant”, and “Dong Shengdao is not higher than Mencius and Xunzi”, but the “slight meaning” of “Confucius established the book and preserved it” is not as good as “Year and Birth of Dew”. “Xu Xun Chao Meng” mentioned in “Age of Birth and Dew”! In Confucianism, there is no other way! As for Dong Zhongshu’s historical position, Kang You used Wang Chong’s words, “The writings of King Wen were conveyed by Confucius. Confucius’ writings were conveyed by Zhongshu.” The fact that Meng and Xun were not only discussed by the emperor, but also by Taoist statute.
This statement in the South China Sea is considered to be acceptable. Mencius and Xunzi had deep thoughts and high thoughts. They finally belonged to the era of the Book of Songs. Their historical tasks were to discuss with other books, and they were subtle. When Dong Zhongshu was in charge of the six academic disciplines and rebuilding the Wang Cult, he should focus on the foundation of the Wang Cult, and integrate, integrate and learn. Therefore, what he accomplished was to remind Confucius of the way he wanted to pass on.
2. Repel Korean Yu and Zhu Zi to lay the foundation for the new Taoist dynasty
To regain the Taoist dynasty, we must first denounce Korean Yu. Kang Youwei wrote:
The laws and practices of later generations are unknown and inconsistent, which are all the crimes of Korea becoming more and more serious. Yu said that since Confucius, he has been referring to Mencius and Xunzi, and has been using Yang Xiong to louse the other part. It is also said that “the death of the Lord cannot be passed down.” The Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty described it, and it was like a person who had no knowledge of the Tao for more than a thousand years. 2
<a hrThe Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty also had mistakes in Taoism.
In history, he said:
Believe in this saying, is Confucius’s great teachings gone, and can he be shining today? “The Age of the Ji Family” and “Korea Fei” were written on the end of the war. Mencius had already met, and Ji Family called Confucius the son of the Ji Family to fill the whole country, and all were educated by the benevolent Taoism. “Korean Fei” calls Confucianism divided into eight, including Confucianism of the Meng family, including Confucianism of the Yang family, Zixia family, Zizhang family, Qi Diao family, Zhongliang family, Sun family, and Le Zheng family. Not only are the Meng family passed down, but all the seven schools have passed down. As for the Han Dynasty, the doctor’s words of the “Five Secrets” were all the subtle words of Confucius, and Dong Zi was particularly successful. 【2】
The comments on this place in the South China Sea are so powerful that the principles are not at ease. The key point is to determine what is correct to Confucius. What is said to have not been conveyed is to refer to the way of Confucius; it is not only conveyed by Confucius’ writings or the name of Confucius.
Then list the official location of Confucius: Confucius’s Dao is in “Year” and “Year” is in “Gongyang”. “Dr. Gongyang’s journey spread throughout the country, and all of them were out of Jiangdu.” 【2Caring conditions】Rejecting Korea did not mention Dong Zhongshu, but instead raised Yang Xiong, which was very absurd.
The influence of Dong Zi and Zhu Zi in history is comparable, and can be compared:
Since the Yuan and Ming dynasties, the five hundred years of treatment and speech have all come from Zhu Zi, a TC:
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